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Thyroid lab tests help diagnose and monitor thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Primary Thyroid Function Tests:
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Regulates thyroid hormone production (High TSH → Hypothyroidism, Low TSH → Hyperthyroidism).
- Free T3 (FT3): Measures active triiodothyronine levels (High in hyperthyroidism, Low in hypothyroidism).
- Free T4 (FT4): Measures active thyroxine levels (High in hyperthyroidism, Low in hypothyroidism).
- Total T3 & Total T4: Measures both bound and free thyroid hormones.
Autoimmune Thyroid Tests:
- Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (Anti-TPO) Antibodies: Elevated in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease.
- Anti-Thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) Antibodies: Helps diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases.
- TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb): Confirms Graves' disease.
Advanced & Special Thyroid Tests:
- Thyroglobulin (Tg): Used for thyroid cancer monitoring.
- Reverse T3 (rT3): Assesses conversion issues from T4 to T3.
- Thyroid Uptake & Scan (RAIU): Evaluates thyroid function using radioactive iodine.
- Thyroid Ultrasound: Checks for nodules, cysts, or goiter.
- Calcitonin: Detects medullary thyroid cancer.
- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Evaluates calcium and parathyroid function, often linked to thyroid issues.
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