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Cancer-related lab tests help in early detection, diagnosis, monitoring treatment, and assessing recurrence.
General Cancer Screening Tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Detects abnormal white or red blood cells (e.g., leukemia).
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Elevated in some cancers due to inflammation.
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Measures inflammation, which can be elevated in cancer.
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): Indicates tissue damage and tumor burden.
Tumor Markers for Specific Cancers:
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP): Liver and testicular cancer.
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): Colon, lung, and breast cancer.
- CA 125: Ovarian cancer.
- CA 19-9: Pancreatic, bile duct, and gastrointestinal cancers.
- CA 15-3 & CA 27-29: Breast cancer.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Prostate cancer.
- Thyroglobulin: Thyroid cancer monitoring.
- Calcitonin: Medullary thyroid cancer.
- Beta-hCG: Testicular and gestational cancers.
- Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE): Neuroendocrine tumors and small-cell lung cancer.
Genetic & Molecular Tests for Cancer Risk:
- BRCA1 & BRCA2: Breast and ovarian cancer risk.
- TP53 Mutation Test: Multiple cancers, including breast and lung.
- Microsatellite Instability (MSI) Test: Colorectal and endometrial cancers.
- PD-L1 & HER2 Testing: Helps determine targeted therapy in lung and breast cancer.
Other Specialized Cancer Tests:
- Bone Marrow Biopsy: Leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis.
- Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA): Liquid biopsy to detect cancer mutations.
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) & FIT: Detects hidden blood in stool (colon cancer screening).
- Pap Smear & HPV Test: Cervical cancer detection.
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