What is Arthritis?

What is Arthritis?

Arthritis is a general term that refers to inflammation of the joints. It is not a single disease but rather a group of over 100 conditions that affect the joints, surrounding tissues, and other connective tissues in the body. Arthritis causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion in the affected joints.

Key Features of Arthritis:

• Joint Pain: Often chronic and can range from mild to severe.
• Inflammation: Causes swelling, redness, and warmth around the affected joints.
• Stiffness: Most noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
• Reduced Mobility: Difficulty in moving the affected joint or joints.

Types of Arthritis:

1. Osteoarthritis (OA): The most common type, caused by wear and tear of cartilage, leading to bone friction.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joint lining, causing inflammation and damage.
3. Gout: Caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, often affecting the big toe.
4. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA): Linked with psoriasis, a skin condition, and causes joint pain and inflammation.
5. Ankylosing Spondylitis: Primarily affects the spine, causing stiffness and pain.
6. Juvenile Arthritis: Affects children and involves chronic joint inflammation.

Common Symptoms:

• Swelling and tenderness in the joints.
• Pain that worsens with movement or activity.
• Stiffness, particularly in the morning.
• Warmth or redness in the affected area.
• Fatigue and general weakness in some types like RA.

Causes:

• Degenerative Changes: As in osteoarthritis.
• Autoimmune Disorders: Such as RA or lupus.
• Metabolic Imbalances: Like in gout.
• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can lead to septic arthritis.
• Genetic Factors: Family history can increase risk.

Management and Treatment:

• Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen muscles and improve joint function.
• Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, regular low-impact exercise, and a balanced diet.
• Surgery: In severe cases, joint replacement or repair may be necessary.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to manage arthritis effectively and prevent further joint damage.